A recent analysis conducted by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has revealed that the installation of geothermal heat pumps in approximately 70% of buildings in the United States, combined with improvements in building envelopes, could result in significant energy savings. The study suggests that this measure could save up to 593 terawatt-hours of electricity generation per year and reduce carbon-equivalent emissions by seven gigatons by 2050.
The analysis, which was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Geothermal Technologies Office, also indicates that the widespread adoption of geothermal heat pumps could eliminate the need for the construction of approximately 24,500 miles of new grid transmission lines. This reduction in transmission line requirements is equivalent to crossing the United States eight times. By reducing the need for generation capacity, storage, and transmission, geothermal heat pumps have the potential to benefit all electricity consumers, even those who are unable to install the technology themselves.
Geothermal heat pumps, also known as ground-source heat pumps or geo-exchange systems, utilize the constant temperature of the Earth’s subsurface to efficiently heat and cool buildings. Amanda Kolker, NREL geothermal laboratory program manager, explains that the widespread adoption of this technology could facilitate the decarbonization of the building sector without significantly increasing electricity demand. Geothermal heat pumps can be installed at various scales, enabling the decarbonization of individual buildings or networks of buildings.
The analysis also suggests that switching to geothermal heat pumps could alleviate the challenges of maintaining electricity supply during periods of high demand. When combined with additional efficiency measures, such as building weatherization, geothermal heat pumps can further enhance the benefits for energy users and the electricity grid while supporting the growth of the domestic industry.
Furthermore, the installation and maintenance of geothermal heat pump systems would create additional local jobs, as most of the equipment for the U.S. market is produced domestically. These systems can be used to heat and cool individual homes, businesses, college campuses, downtown districts, housing developments, and more. They are suitable for all climates and can be installed in both urban and rural environments. Geothermal heat pumps can be incorporated into new construction projects or added during renovations of existing buildings. Many of these systems are already in operation across the country.
Alejandro Moreno, U.S. Department of Energy associate principal deputy assistant secretary for energy efficiency and renewable energy, emphasizes the value of geothermal heat pumps for the nation’s energy future. He states that these systems offer a ready-made strategy for decarbonizing buildings, reducing the need for new electricity generation and transmission, and delivering energy savings to Americans nationwide. Additionally, their adoption supports job creation in the United States.
In conclusion, the analysis conducted by ORNL and NREL highlights the significant potential benefits of installing geothermal heat pumps in a large portion of U.S. buildings. By combining this technology with building envelope improvements, the country could achieve substantial energy savings and emission reductions. Geothermal heat pumps have the capacity to play a crucial role in decarbonizing the building sector while creating jobs and supporting the growth of a domestic industry.